Design Log Storage System Python Solution

lcpy gen -n 635   # by problem number
lcpy gen -s design_log_storage_system   # by problem name

Input
["LogSystem", "put", "put", "put", "retrieve", "retrieve"]
[[1, "2017:01:01:23:59:59"], ...]
Output
[null, null, null, null, [3, 2, 1], [2, 1]]

Explanation
LogSystem logSystem = new LogSystem();
logSystem.put(1, "2017:01:01:23:59:59");
logSystem.put(2, "2017:01:01:22:59:59");
log.put(3, "2016:01:01:00:00:00");
logSystem.retrieve("2016:01:01:01:01:01", "2017:01:01:23:00:00", "Year"); // return [3,2,1], all logs between 2016 and 2017.
logSystem.retrieve("2016:01:01:01:01:01", "2017:01:01:23:00:00", "Hour"); // return [2,1]

class LogSystem:
    # Time: retrieve O(n), put O(1)
    # Space: O(n)
    def __init__(self) -> None:
        self.logs: list[tuple[int, str]] = []
        self.gran_len = {
            "Year": 4,
            "Month": 7,
            "Day": 10,
            "Hour": 13,
            "Minute": 16,
            "Second": 19,
        }

    def put(self, log_id: int, timestamp: str) -> None:
        self.logs.append((log_id, timestamp))

    def retrieve(self, start: str, end: str, granularity: str) -> list[int]:
        size = self.gran_len[granularity]
        lo = start[:size]
        hi = end[:size]
        return [log_id for log_id, ts in self.logs if lo <= ts[:size] <= hi]