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LeetCode 43, Medium. Topics: Math, String, Simulation. View on LeetCode. Generate this problem as a practice environment: tested reference solution, 16 parametrized pytest cases, and a playground notebook:

Problem

Given two non-negative integers num1 and num2 represented as strings, return the product of num1 and num2, also represented as a string. Note: You must not use any built-in BigInteger library or convert the inputs to integer directly.

Examples

Constraints

  • 1 <= num1.length, num2.length <= 200
  • num1 and num2 consist of digits only.
  • Both num1 and num2 do not contain any leading zero, except the number 0 itself.

Solution

Reference implementation from solution.py on GitHub, full suite in test_solution.py:

Complexity

Tags

NeetCode 150, NeetCode 250, NeetCode All.
Last modified on August 25, 2026