Reverse Bits Python Solution with Tests

lcpy gen -n 190   # by problem number
lcpy gen -s reverse_bits   # by problem name

Input: n = 43261596
Output: 964176192
Explanation:

| Integer    | Binary                              |
|------------|-------------------------------------|
| 43261596   | 00000010100101000001111010011100    |
| 964176192  | 00111001011110000010100101000000    |

Input: n = 2147483644
Output: 1073741822
Explanation:

| Integer     | Binary                              |
|-------------|-------------------------------------|
| 2147483644  | 01111111111111111111111111111100    |
| 1073741822  | 00111111111111111111111111111110    |

class Solution:
    # Time: O(1) - always 32 iterations
    # Space: O(1) - only using constant extra space
    def reverse_bits(self, n: int) -> int:
        """
        Reverse the bits of a 32-bit unsigned integer.

        Algorithm:
        1. Initialize result to 0
        2. For each of the 32 bits:
           - Extract the rightmost bit of n using (n & 1)
           - Add it to the result at the appropriate position
           - Right shift n to get the next bit
           - Left shift result to make room for the next bit
        3. Return the result

        This approach is optimal for single calls. For multiple calls,
        we could use a lookup table for optimization.
        """
        result = 0
        for _ in range(32):
            result = (result << 1) | (n & 1)
            n >>= 1
        return result