LeetCode 540, Medium. Topics: Array, Binary Search. View on LeetCode.
Generate this problem as a practice environment: tested reference solution, 15 parametrized pytest cases, and a playground notebook:
Problem
You are given a sorted array consisting of only integers where every element appears exactly twice, except for one element which appears exactly once.
Return the single element that appears only once.
Your solution must run in O(log n) time and O(1) space.
Examples
Constraints
1 <= nums.length <= 10^5
0 <= nums[i] <= 10^5
Solution
Reference implementation from solution.py on GitHub, full suite in test_solution.py:
Complexity
NeetCode All. Last modified on September 7, 2026